To fathom the true importance of Korean ginseng chicken soup, or samgyetang (삼계탕, 蔘鷄湯), it's essential to have an understanding of ancient East Asian philosophy and how this is intimately entwined with the theories and concepts that form the foundation of all Korean cuisine, and, indeed, of ancient Korean thought.
Traditional East Asian philosophy organized itself around the concept of five "elements", or "phases" or "agents." They were wood (목, 木), fire (화, 火), earth (토, 土), metal (금, 金) and water (수, 水), each associated, in turn, with the colors green, red, yellow, white and black. The interplay between these "elements" was closely associated with many beliefs concerning everything from musical composition, writing and painting, through to military strategy and architecture or feng shui (풍수, 風水). Of course, this philosophy also permeated medicine, health, cuisine and, our topic today, the fine art of cooking. Ginseng chicken soup lies at the heart of traditional cuisine and at the heart of the concept of "balance" between the five "elements."